MATERI "E" ( Past Tense, Perfect Tense, Past continous Tense, Past Perfect )

MATERI E

E.1 Simple Past Tense

Usage: menceritakan kejadian yang terjadi di masa lalu dan menekankan pada waktu tertentu..

Time Signal:  

·         Yesterday / Yesteryear

·         Last…….

·         ………….Ago

·         Just Now

·         This morning

Formula: (S + V2 + O + Time Signal) ( S + Was / Were + Noun/Adj  + TS )

                (S + Didn’t + V1 + O + TS) (S + WAS / were + not + Noun / Adj + TS)

                (did +S +V1+O+TS) (Was/were + S + Noun / Adj + TS)

Was: I, he, she, it

Were: You, they, we

Example:

1.      Aku menulis surat bulan lalu

(+) I wrote a letter last month

(-)  I didn’t write a letter last month

(?)  Did I write a letter last month ?

2.      Kelas itu kotor tadi pagi

(+) The class was dirty this morning

(-)  The Class wasn’t dirty this morning

(?)  Was the class dirty this morning ?

E.2 Present Perfect

Usage: menceritakan kejadian yang sudah terjadi saat ini

TS: - Already, Just, Since, For, Yet

Formula:          S + Have/Has + V3 + O

                        S + Have/Has + not + V3 + O

                        Have/Has + S + V3 + O

*tidak menekankan waktu, tetapi pada kejadian / efeknya*

*have: they, we, I, you*

*has: he, she, it*

EXAMPLE:

1.      Dia sudah menunggu selama 30 menit

(+) He has waited for thirty minutes

(-)  He hasn’t waited for thirty minutes

(?)  Has he waited for thirty minutes ?

E.3 Past Continous Tense

Usage: menyatakan kegiatan yang sedang terjadi di masa lalu, menceritakan 2 kejadian yang satu sedang berlangsung dan satunya menginterupsi, menceritakan 2 kejadian yang sedang berlangsung.

Time Signal: When / While

Formula =        BE2 + Ving + When + V2

                        BE2 + Ving + While + Ving

Example

1.      Kita sedang menunggu pak presiden

ð  We were waiting for mr. president

2.      Kita sedang melambaikan tangan ketika wartawan memotret

ð  We were moving our hand when the reporter took a picture

3.      Ayah sedang membaca koran ketika ibu sedang memasak

ð  Father was reading a newspaper while mother was cooking

E.4 Past Perfect

Usage: bercerita 2 kejadian yang satu selesai terlebih dahulu di masa lalu

Time Signal: After / Before

Formula:          After= S + V2 + After + Had + V3

                        Before= S + Had + V3 + Before + V2

Example:

1.      Saya sudah mandi sebelum sarapan

ð  I Had taken a bath before I had breakfast

ð  I Had breakfast after I had taken a bath